nkhani

M'mawu osavuta, ma diamondi opangidwa ndi lab ndi ma diamondi omwe apangidwa ndi anthu m'malo mokumbidwa padziko lapansi.Ngati ndizosavuta, mutha kudabwa chifukwa chake pali nkhani yonse pansi pa chiganizochi.Kuvutaku kumabwera chifukwa chakuti mawu ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza diamondi zomwe zakula ndi abale awo, ndipo si onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa chimodzimodzi.Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe ndi mawu ena.

Zopanga.Kumvetsetsa mawuwa molondola ndiye chinsinsi chomwe chimatsegula funso lonseli.Synthetic angatanthauze zopanga kapena zabodza.Zochita kupanga zingatanthauzenso zopangidwa ndi anthu, zokopera, zosakhala zenizeni, kapenanso zotsanzira.Koma, m’nkhani ino, tikutanthauza chiyani tikamanena kuti “diamondi yopangidwa”?

M'dziko la gemological, kupanga ndi liwu laukadaulo kwambiri.Polankhula mwaukadaulo, miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangidwa ndi makhiristo opangidwa ndi anthu okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a kristalo komanso kapangidwe kake ngati mwala womwe ukupangidwa.Choncho, "diamondi yopangidwa" ili ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo omwewo komanso mankhwala monga diamondi yachilengedwe.Zomwezo sizinganenedwe za miyala yamtengo wapatali yonyenga kapena yabodza yomwe nthawi zambiri, molakwika, imafotokozedwa ngati diamondi zopangidwa.Kupotoza kumeneku kwasokoneza kwambiri tanthauzo la mawu oti “synthetic”, ndichifukwa chake ambiri opanga miyala ya dayamondi yopangidwa ndi anthu amakonda mawu oti “lab yokulirapo” kuposa “yopanga”.

Kuti mumvetse bwino izi, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa pang'ono za momwe diamondi amapangidwira labu.Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira diamondi imodzi ya kristalo.Yoyamba ndi yakale kwambiri ndi njira ya High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT).Izi zimayamba ndi njere ya diamondi ndikukulitsa diamondi yathunthu monga momwe chilengedwe chimachitira pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kutentha.

Njira yatsopano yokulitsira ma diamondi opangira ndi njira ya Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).Mu ndondomeko ya CVD, chipinda chimadzazidwa ndi mpweya wochuluka wa carbon.Maatomu a kaboni amachotsedwa mugasi ina yonse ndikuyikidwa pamtengo wonyezimira wa kristalo wa diamondi womwe umakhazikitsa mawonekedwe a kristalo pomwe mwala wamtengo wapatali umakula wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza.Mutha kudziwa zambiri zamomwe ma diamondi amapangidwira labukuchokera m'nkhani yathu yaikulu pa njira zosiyanasiyana.Chofunikira pakali pano ndikuti njira zonsezi ndi matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapanga makhiristo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mankhwala komanso mawonekedwe owoneka ngati diamondi zachilengedwe.Tsopano, tiyeni tifanizire miyala ya dayamondi yolima labu ndi miyala ina yamtengo wapatali yomwe mwina munamvapo.

Ma diamondi Omera Labu Poyerekeza ndi Ma Daimondi Simulants

Ndi liti pamene chopangira sichopanga?Yankho ndi pamene ndi yofananira.Zofanizira ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe imawoneka ngati mwala weniweni, wachilengedwe koma kwenikweni ndi zinthu zina.Choncho, safiro yoyera kapena yoyera ikhoza kukhala yofanana ndi diamondi chifukwa imawoneka ngati diamondi.Sapphire yoyera imeneyo ikhoza kukhala yachilengedwe kapena, apa pali chinyengo, safiro yopangira.Chinsinsi chomvetsetsa nkhani yofananira si momwe mwala umapangidwira (chilengedwe vs kupanga), koma kuti ndi choloweza m'malo chomwe chimawoneka ngati mwala wina.Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti safiro yopangidwa ndi munthu ndi "safiro wopangidwa" kapena kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "diamond simulant," koma kungakhale kulakwa kunena kuti ndi "diamondi yopangidwa" chifukwa siinatero. kukhala ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi diamondi.

Sapphire woyera, wogulitsidwa ndi kuwululidwa ngati safiro woyera, ndi safiro.Koma, ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa diamondi, ndiye kuti ndi yofanana ndi diamondi.Zamtengo wapatali zofananira, kachiwiri, zikuyesera kutsanzira mwala wina, ndipo ngati sizinaululidwe momveka bwino ngati zofananira zimatengedwa ngati zabodza.Sapphire yoyera si, mwachilengedwe, yabodza (kwenikweni ndi mwala wokongola komanso wamtengo wapatali).Koma ngati ikugulitsidwa ngati diamondi, imakhala yabodza.Ojambula ambiri amtengo wapatali akuyesera kutsanzira diamondi, koma palinso zitsanzo za miyala yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali (safire, ruby, etc.).

Nawa ena mwa zofananira zodziwika bwino za diamondi.

• Synthetic Rutile idayambitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940 ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofananira choyambirira cha diamondi.
• Chotsatira pa sewero la diamondi lopangidwa ndi anthu ndi Strontium Titanate.Izi zidakhala zofananira ndi diamondi zodziwika bwino m'ma 1950s.
• Zaka za m'ma 1960 zinabweretsa chitukuko cha ma simulators awiri: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) ndi Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG).Zonsezi ndi zofananira za diamondi zopangidwa ndi anthu.Ndikofunikira kubwereza apa kuti chifukwa chakuti chinthu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati fanizo la diamondi sichimapangitsa kukhala "chabodza" kapena chinthu choipa.YAG, mwachitsanzo, ndi kristalo wothandiza kwambiri womwe uli pamtima pathulaser welder.
• Dongosolo lodziwika bwino la diamondi mpaka pano ndi kupanga Cubic Zirconia (CZ).Ndiotsika mtengo kupanga ndipo amanyezimira kwambiri.Ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mwala wamtengo wapatali wopangidwa ndi diamondi.CZs nthawi zambiri, molakwika, amatchedwa diamondi zopangidwa.
• Synthetic Moissanite imapangitsanso chisokonezo.Ndi mwala wopangidwa ndi anthu, womwe uli ndi zinthu ngati diamondi.Mwachitsanzo, ma diamondi ndi abwino kwambiri kusamutsa kutentha, komanso Moissanite.Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa oyesa diamondi otchuka kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kumwazikana kuyesa ngati mwala wamtengo wapatali ndi diamondi.Komabe, Moissanite ali ndi kapangidwe kake kosiyana kwambiri ndi diamondi komanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, Moissanite ndi refractive kawiri pamene diamondi ndi single-refractive.

Popeza Moissanite amayesa ngati diamondi (chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kumabalalitsa), anthu amaganiza kuti ndi diamondi kapena diamondi yopangidwa.Komabe, popeza ilibe mawonekedwe a kristalo omwewo kapena mankhwala a diamondi, si diamondi yopangidwa.Moissanite ndi ofanana ndi diamondi.

Zingakhale zomveka bwino pakadali pano chifukwa chake mawu oti "synthetic" ali osokoneza kwambiri pankhaniyi.Ndi Moissanite tili ndi mwala wopangidwa womwe umawoneka komanso umagwira ntchito ngati diamondi koma suyenera kutchulidwa kuti "diamondi yopangidwa."Chifukwa cha izi, pamodzi ndi mafakitale ambiri a zodzikongoletsera, timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "diamondi yakula lab" kutanthauza diamondi yeniyeni yopangidwa yomwe imakhala ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi diamondi yachilengedwe, ndipo timakonda kupewa mawu oti "synthetic". diamondi” poganizira kuchuluka kwa chisokonezo chomwe chingapangitse.

Palinso fanizo lina la diamondi lomwe limapangitsa chisokonezo chachikulu.Mwala wa diamondi wokutidwa ndi Cubic Zirconia (CZ) umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo wa Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga diamondi zokulitsidwa labu.Ndi diamondi yokutidwa CZs, wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri wa zinthu zopangidwa diamondi anawonjezera pamwamba pa CZ.Tinthu tating'ono ta diamondi ta nanocrystalline ndi pafupifupi 30 mpaka 50 wandiweyani wa nanometer.Izi ndi pafupifupi 30 mpaka 50 maatomu wandiweyani kapena 0.00003mm.Kapena, ngati tinene, woonda kwambiri.CVD diamondi yokutidwa Cubic Zirconia si diamondi kupanga.Iwo amalemekezedwa Cubic Zirconia diamondi simulants okha.Alibe kuuma kofanana kapena mawonekedwe a kristalo a diamondi.Monga magalasi amaso, CVD diamondi yokutidwa Cubic Zirconia ili ndi zokutira za diamondi zoonda kwambiri.Komabe, izi siziletsa otsatsa ena mosasamala kuwatcha diamondi zopangira.Tsopano, inu mukudziwa bwinoko.

Ma diamondi Omera Labu Poyerekeza ndi Ma diamondi Achilengedwe

Chifukwa chake, tsopano popeza tikudziwa kuti diamondi zomwe zakula labu sizinthu ziti, ndi nthawi yoti tikambirane zomwe zili.Kodi dayamondi wamba amafanana bwanji ndi diamondi zachilengedwe?Yankho limachokera ku tanthauzo la kupanga.Monga taphunzirira, diamondi yopanga imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a kristalo komanso kapangidwe kake ngati diamondi yachilengedwe.Choncho, amaoneka ngati mwala wachilengedwe.Iwo amawala chimodzimodzi.Ali ndi kuuma komweko.Mbali ndi mbali, ma diamondi opangidwa ndi lab amawoneka ndikuchita ngati diamondi zachilengedwe.

Kusiyana kwa diamondi yachilengedwe ndi labu yokulirapo kumachokera m'mene adapangidwira.Ma diamondi opangidwa ndi labu amapangidwa ndi anthu mu labu pomwe ma diamondi achilengedwe amapangidwa padziko lapansi.Chilengedwe simalo olamulidwa, osabala, ndipo njira zachilengedwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana.Choncho, zotsatira zake si zangwiro.Pali mitundu yambiri ya inclusions ndi zizindikiro zamapangidwe zomwe chilengedwe chinapanga mwala woperekedwa.

Mbali inayi, ma diamondi opangidwa ndi lab amapangidwa m'malo olamulidwa.Iwo ali ndi zizindikiro za ndondomeko yoyendetsedwa yomwe siili ngati chilengedwe.Komanso, zoyesayesa za anthu sizili zangwiro ndipo zimasiya zolakwa zawo ndi zizindikiro zomwe anthu anapanga mwala winawake.Mitundu ya ma inclusions ndi kusiyanasiyana kosawoneka bwino pamapangidwe a kristalo ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zosiyanitsira ma labu okulirapo ndi diamondi zachilengedwe.Mukhozanso kuphunzira zambiri zamomwe mungadziwire ngati diamondi yakula labukapena mwachibadwa kuchokera m’nkhani yathu yaikulu pankhaniyi.

FJUGulu:Ma diamondi Opangidwa ndi Lab